Fundamentally,income disparity describes two disparate groups:rich and poor.It is hardly news that the rich are getting richer.The underlying story is a familiar one:the wealthiest households own the most assets,namely stocks,and asset prices have risen at a ferocious pace in recent years.Beyond the standard explanation,it is also the case that the emergence of technology,rising productivity,and an expanding global market have brought forth a new upper class among corporations.①These newly wealthy firms pay skilled employees well and in an ever-tighter labor market,they are forced to constantly sweeten their employees’compensation.
Then there are the poor,where conditions are a little murky.Falling unemployment,anecdotal evidence of rising starting wages for low level service jobs,and the relative non-event of welfare reform so far suggest that conditions at the low end are improvin9.Yet at the same time,whole communities under siege by crime and hopelessness cannot be ignored.
That said,income inequality as a blanket indictment on our economic system does not fly.Income disparity is the gas that runs our economic engine.The ability to someday earn more,to live at a higher standard,is what gets people out of bed in the mornin9,particularly in our consumer-oriented economy. Income disparity only becomes a problem if it widens to the extent that the labor force believes that greater wealth can only be achieved by the already wealthy.
Indeed,it is unreasonable to state that income disparity is eroding the labor force’S will to improve productivity and move ahead.Increasin9 1abor force participation,record homeownership,surging consumer confidence and spendin9,near record levels of immigration,and urban renewal are all anecdotal evidence that hopes are high.All types of people are flourishing in the New Economy and there is sufficient evidence to suggest that most still want their shot at the brass rin9.
So why are there still very poor households in this country?There are many reasons.Our economy is shifting towards the production of higher value goods and services.Unskilled labor is not valued to the degree that it once was,and unskilled workers are paid accordingly.There has also been a recent surge of immigration into the U.S.Many migrants to this country,particularly those who are unskilled or language challenged,require time to be absorbed into our economy.If skills are lackin9,it may take a generation or two to move ahead.
It is also important to remember that it is not the ultimate goal of every person to be fabulously rich.0ne of the fundamentals of economics is that one decides how hard to work,where to work,and what risks to take.Monetary wealth is not the sole means of maximizing utility.Each person has a finite life span and finite abilities;it is up to the individual to apply those as they see fit.The wealthy getting wealthier is not always evidence to others that they themselves are falling behind.[498 words]
1.In the author’s country,______may benefit from the development of its economy.
A.all the people
B.all the immigrants
C.only skilled employees
D.the wealthy rather than the poor
2.It is implied in this passage that income inequality is______.
A.beneficial only to the rich
B.deleterious to the development of economy
C.destructive rather than constructive
D.not necessarily detrimental to the poor
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.Every person wants to become rich.
B.Most immigrants are very poor.
C.Unskilled people tend to be poor.
D.The wealthy is getting wealthier.
4.The author believes that income disparity will______.
A.persist as ever before
B.disappear sooner or later
C.be gradually narrowed
D.be more and more widened
5.The main idea presented in the last paragraph is that______.
A.what a person pursues in the world is not monetary wealth
B.every person is not willing to become as wealthy as possible
C.each individual knows exactly what his ultimate goal is
D.it is understandable for the wealthy to get wealthier [NextPage]
难句透析
①Beyond the standard explanation,it is also the case Ethat(the emergence of technology,rising productivity. and”an expanding global market)have brought forth a new upper class among corporations].
【结构】本句中的…it是形式主语,代替方括号所标示的主语从句“that…corporations”;这个主语从句中的主语是三个并列的名词成分。
【释义】对此,除了一般的解释之外,还存在另外一种情况。那就是,新技术的使用、生产力的不断提高以及全球市场的扩大在企业中培育了一个新的上等阶层。
②[1)Falling unemployment,”anecdotal evidence of rising starting wages for low level service jobs,and”the rela— live non—event of welfare reform SO far]suggest[that conditions at the low end are improving].
【结构】在本句中,第一个方括号标示的部分“Fallin9…SO far”是主语,由三个名词性成分并列而成;第二个方括号标示的“that…improvin9”是谓语动词“suggest”的宾语从句。
【释义】失业率下降、关于服务性工作下层岗位起薪提高的街谈巷论以及虎头蛇尾的福利改革至今取得的微小成效等,都表明社会下层的情况在改善。
③l-That said],income inequality as a blanket indictment on our economic system does not fly.
【结构】在本句中,方括号标示的“That said”是带逻辑主语的过去分词短语,做状语;本句的主语是“income equal— ity”,谓语动词是“does not fly”。
【释义】据此看来,收入不平等,这个用以全盘指责我们经济制度的现象,并没有烟消云散。
④Income disparity only becomes a problem{if it widens Eto the extent that the labor force believes(that greater wealth can only be achieved by the already wealthy)]).
【结构】在本句中,黑体大括号标示的“if…wealthy”是整句的条件状语从句,其中的主语“it”指“Income dispari— ty”;方括号标示的“to the effect that…wealthy”是表示程度的状语从句;圆括号标示的“that…wealthy”是“be~ lieves”的宾语从句。
【释义】如果收入差距大到劳动阶层认为只有现在的富人才能获得更多财富,那么收入差距就真成了严重问题。
全文翻译
从根本上来说,收入不等是划分两个不同群体的标准:也即富人和穷人。现在来讲富人越来越富已经不是什么新闻了。最根本的原因昕上去很耳熟:因为最富有的家庭也就拥有为数最多的财产,即股票,并且这些财产的价值在最近几年都在极速增长着。对此,除了一般的解释之外,还存在另外一种情况。那就是,新技术的使用、生产力的不断提高以及全球市场的扩大在企业中培育了一个新的上等阶层。①这些新兴的富有的公司对技术熟练的雇员付以丰厚的工资,并且在劳动力市场越来越紧俏的情况下,他们也被迫不断地改善雇员的津贴。
回过头来看看穷人,他们的处境就显得有些昏暗。失业率下降、关于服务性工作下层岗位起薪提高的街谈巷论以及虎头蛇尾的福利改革至今取得的微小成效等,都表明社会下层的情况在改善。但与此同时,被犯罪和绝望所包裹住的整个社区也不能被忽视。
据此看来,收入不平等,这个用以全盘指责我们经济制度的现象,并没有烟消云散。收入不均是驱动经济发动机的汽油。对有朝一日能赚更多钱,生活水平进一步提高的希望是促使人们每天早起工作的动力,在我们现有的以消费者为本的经济中就更是如此。如果收入差距大到劳动阶层认为只有现在的富人才能获得更多财富,那么收入差距就真成了严重问题。
事实上,那种认为收入差距正在吞噬劳动力阶层发展生产力并取得进步的意愿的说法是毫无根据的。劳动力参与经济建设程度的提高、有史以来最高的房屋拥有率、不断攀升的消费者信心和消费力、逼近历史记录的移民数量以及城镇翻新无不说明了人们对经济增长仍有很高的希望。所有类型的人都在新经济中蓬勃发展,有足够的证据证明多数人仍然希望能在发展中获得一次机遇。
那为什么这个国家中仍有那么多贫穷的家庭?原因是多种多样的。我们的经济正在转向生产具有更高价值的产品和服务。不能很好掌握技术的工人已经不像原来那样受关注,他们的工资也就相对较低。最近也出现进入美国的移民浪潮。许多移民到这个国家的人,特别是那些没有什么技术且语言又不过关的人,都需要一定的时间来融入我们这个经济。如果缺乏技术,那可能需要一代或两代的努力才能取得进步。
很重要的一点需要我们记住,那就是并非每个人的最终目的都是成为前所未有的大富翁。经济的基础中有那么一点,那就是每个人都能自己决定到底要工作得多么努力,去哪儿工作,以及要承担多少风险等。金钱上的富足并非是尽自己的全力所能带来的唯一收入。每个人的生命都是有限的,能力也是有限的;只有当个人认为适当的时候才会相应地发挥某方面的能力。富有的人越来越富并不能说明别的人已经永远落后了。
超纲词汇
Anecdotal adj.轶话的,多轶事趣闻的
disparity n.不一致,不同,不等
Erode vi.侵蚀
Ferocious adj.凶恶的,极度的
indictment n.控告
Murky 黑暗的
Siege n./v.包围,围攻
Surge n./vt./vi.汹涌
参考答案:1.A 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.B