2015公共英语考试(PETS4)阅读课程辅导(33)
发布时间：2011/1/10 19:49:28 来源：城市学习网 编辑：admin
Use of English
Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each numbered blank.
The English language is growing bigger rapidly; thanks, of course, _1_ the internet. oN the one hand there are the proliferating net neologisms(新词)-email, emotions, cyberspace(网络空间), and so on. on the other hand, there is the hard fact _2_ the net is overwhelmingly an English medium, an _3_ 85% of its pages being in English.
By 2050, it is said that more than half the world’s population will be _4_ users of English. The net advances the global power of the language ruthlessly _5_ the British Empire _6_ could. Every new user will have to learn a version of English if he is not find himself _7_ in a linguistic cyberghetto (网络之外的隔离区).
The expansion of the language is not a new phenomenon. When the oxford was completed in 1928, it defined 200,000 words; now, thanks to the _8_ addition of supplements and amalgamation into the second edition, _9_ in 1989, it defines 240,000.
However, the net-driven globalization of English will tend to enhance the worldwide significance of a net dictionary. There are already sites--Webopedia and the Encyclopedia of the New Economy at Hotwired—which act _10_ dictionaries of and guides _11_, the new webspesk. As cyberEnglish(网络语言) expands, so will the need and the desire to understand the language. one can easily imagine a Japanese sufer _12_ the oED window permanently open to help him _13_ an alien language. In this sense, since English is the mother tongue of the cyberrealm (网络世界), the oED may well become this new religion’s virtual Bible.
Net communication is usually _14_ strangers who may share few cultural references and whose sense of the language may be _15_ out of register. This will tend to produce either bland, have-a-nice-day standardization _16_, more usually, _17_ idiolects-private version of the language-that work only in specific contexts.
This will accelerate _18_ the expansion and evolution of e-English, and will tribalise the language. English will move more quickly into the future and, as a result, _19_ forms will become more rapidly obsolete. Most people already find it difficult to read Chaucer, and a proliferation of new idiolects may soon make Shakespeare equally _20_.
1. A. for B. to C. as D. of
2. A. this B. that C. which D. who
3. A. evaluating B. evaluated C. estimating D. estimated
4. A. competent B. competing C. competitive D. compete
5. A. than B. as C. that D. then
6. A. never B. often C. usual D. ever
7. A. lock B. locker C. locking D. locked
8. A. rational B. frequent C. regular D. repeated
9. A. published B. publishing C. publicized D. publicizing
10. A. like B. as C. in D. of
11. A. on B. in C. to D. of
12. A. maintaining B. staying C. being D. keeping
13. A. travel B. tour C. navigate D. trip
14. A. among B. between C. within D. beyond
15. A. serially B. serial C. seriously D. serious
16. A. or B. nor C. and D. also
17. A. vary B. varied C. various D. variety
18. A. furture B. farther C. remote D. distant
19. A. earlier B. former C. later D. latter
20. A. improbable B. impossible C. inaccessible D. incompressible[NextPage] 解析：
1. B
这句的意思是：英语语言正在迅速地扩大，这当然要感谢网络。当表示感谢时，我们可以使用thank 的名词或动词词性。如用作动词时：thank you ;用作名词时，后面跟to ,表示所感谢的对象，如：thanks to the network .如果对答案不是很肯定，考生还可以对照比较第八个空前面出现的thanks to ,这样题目就迎刃而解了。这也是解完形填空题应该掌握的一个技巧。
2. B
这句的意思是：另一方面，有这样一个事实，那就是：网络是一个绝对的英语语言媒介，估计有85%的页面是使用英语的。这里的fact后面的内容是对它的补充说明，是它的同位语。引导同位语从句，在这里只能用 that。
3. D
句子意思同2。因为“85%”这一数据是被人们估计得到的，所以表达的当然是被动的意义。选项A .B中的 evaluate指“评价”;选项 C.D分别使用了 estimate的现在分词和过去分词形式，这两中形式都可以作为形容词来修饰名词，现在分词表示主动的意思，过去分词表示被动的意思。
4. A
这句的意思是：据说，到2050年，超过一半的世界人口将是合格的英语使用者。Compete 是动词，不能修饰名词。Competing指“正在竞争的”; competitive指“竞争的”;意思与原文都不吻合。
5. A
这句的意思是：大英帝国曾经提高了英语的全球影响力，但是网络对这一影响力的提升比大英帝国的作用要大得多。两方进行比较，要使用连词than .
6. D
句子意思同上。这里表达的意思是：网络提升语言影响力的能力比大英帝国曾经的能力要强。表示“曾经”，要用副词ever .
7. D
这句的意思是：每一个网络使用者，如果他不想被挡在网络之外的隔离区，他就要学习一种形式的英语。这里用find sb .done 这种形式来表达“发现某人被-----”的意思。原文的意思是：发现自己被锁在、被固定在隔离区中，所以要用lock 的过去分词形式作find 的宾语补足语，表达被动的含义.
8. C
这句的意思是：现在，我们要感谢定期的额外补充和混合，它使1989年出版的第二版《牛津词典》定义了240，000个单词。Rational 指“合理的”;frequent指“频繁的”; regular指“定期的”; repeated指“重复的，再三的”。根据常理，词典的词条内容的修订和补充不可能频繁的或重复的发生，只可能定期的进行。
9. A
句子的意思同8。实际上，这里用了非限制性定语从句来修饰the second edition,该从句表达的意思是“第二版在1989年出版”。文中省去了定语从句中的某些成分，完整的定语从句应该是： which is published in 1989.
10. B
这句的意思是：一些网上的站点作为新网络语言的词典和指导。Act as是常用的搭配，意思是“作为...行事”， as在这里是介词，表示“作为，以...的身份”。其他的三个介词都不能与 act搭配。
11. C
句子意思同10。这里表达的意思是“...的指导”。所以使用介词to，即构成 guides to的形式。用包含 to的介词短语修饰名词的例子其实并不少见，象 the answer to the question以及 the monument to sb。都是这种用法。
12. D
这句的意思是：可以很容易地想象，一个日本的网上冲浪者永久地开着oED 窗口来帮助他领会异国的语言。此空要填一个使意动词，该动词后面要跟宾语及宾语补足语。所给的四个选项中，只有keep符合这一要求。 keep sth .open指“使...直开着”，含有“保持”的意味。
13. C
句子的意思同上。此空要填一个及物动词。选项B 、D给出的 tour和 trip 都是名词，所以不能用在这里。Travel通常与 to连用，表示“到某地旅行”。 Navigate是及物动词，它的本意是“导航，领航”，但在这里，它的意思相当于“领会，理解，使...不至于迷失”。
14. B
这句的意思是：网络交流通常在陌生人之间进行，他们可能只有极少的文化共性，他们的语感可能很严重地处于登记之外。Among指“在...之间”，用于三者或三者以上; between指“在...之间”，用于两者之间; within指“在...之内，在...的范围以内”; beyond指“超越”。网络交流发生在一对一的两者之间，所以不能用 among。
15. C
句子意思同14。这里要用一个副词来修饰out of register，所以选项 B、D可以被排除。 Serially指“连续地”，用在此意思说不通。
16. A
这句的意思是：这将往往产生一种漠然的、类似“祝你今天快乐”这样的标准，或者更加常见的情况是，产生各种各样的个人习语形式的语言—只在具体存在上下文关系时起作用。这个空很容易填出来，根据意思我们判断应该填or, 再往前看，就会发现，原来是固定搭配either…or短语，表示“或者…或者…”.
17. C
此处要用一个形容词来修饰名词。 Vary n; variety n; various adj. 各种各样的。
18. A
这句话的意思是：这将会进一步加速网络英语的扩充和进化。此处要用一个副词来修饰accelerate. Further是副词，指“更进一步地”;father是形容词far的比较级，指“更远的”; remote和 distant 都是形容词，表示“遥远的”。故作此题时，仅从词性判断也可以得出正确答案。
19. A
这句的意思是：英语将更快的面向未来发展，结果是，早期的形式将以更快的速度作废。Earlier 早期的，更早的former 以前的，从前的later后来 latter后者
20. C
这句的意思是：许多人已经发现难以读懂CHAUCER的作品，或许不久，新的个人习语增加会使莎士比亚也同样感到费解。这句话的前半句告诉我们，现在的人们读起旧时的作品 已经有些困难了，那么我们可以猜想后半句要讲的是:旧时的人们对我们现在经过扩充的语言也会感到费解。Improbable和 impossible不可能的 incompressible 不可压缩的inaccessible不能达到的，在这里我们可以把意思引申为：“不可理解，费解的”。 [NextPage] Reading Comprehension
Read the following two texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
“Laws” of Language
We are now in a position to set down some of the “laws” of language—statements that are valid not merely for one language, as are grammatical rules, but which are applicable to all languages.
1.
Language is primarily a social phenomenon.
Although the aspects of language relating to the physical sciences and humanities are important, the functions and uses of language are most important to society and to the individual in his contacts with other human beings.
2.
Language is all pervasive.
Language accompanies every human activity and is the indispensable means by which that activity is coordinated and made successful.
3.
Language is primarily an oral means of communication.
Notwithstanding the importance of the written language—particularly in modern civilization—and of symbolic and gestural systems of meaning transfer, the primary of language is speech.
4.
Language is normally a reflex action.
once it is painfully acquired by processes that can be imitative, intellective, or a combination of both, spoken language becomes as much of a reflex, action as driving a car.
5.
Language is geographically localized.
However great or small the differences may be, language varies from area to area. The geographical differences can be recorded, and when enough of them accumulate, we speak of separate dialects or languages.
6.
Language is socially stratified.
Class differences are bound to arise in language. They may be based on educational, economic, social, or occupational factors and may have considerable range. The divergences appear most in vocabulary, to a far lesser degree in grammar, least of all in sounds.
7.
Language is subject to change.
This principle applies at all times and in all places, though to varying degrees. The only language that remains completely insert is a wholly dead and forgotten language. Change appears in all segments of a language—in its scheme of meanings.
1.The most important application of language lies in its usefulness____.
A. to the physical sciences and humanities.
B. in helping the individual adjust to society.
C. in society and in the interaction among human beings.
D. none of these.
2. The primary form of language is ____.
A. writing
B. gestures
C. ideographs
D. speech
3. According to the article, changes occur in a language in ____.
A. all phases of writing
B. some phases of speech
C. the meanings of words
D. all its phases
4.As evidence that language geographically localized the author cites ____.
A. variations in pronunciations
B. variations in grammar
C. the appearance of separate dialects
D. both A&B
5. Social differences in language are most apparent in ____.
A. grammar
B. sounds
C. writing
D. vocabulary [NextPage] 参考答案：
1.C
文章讲述的第一个规律告诉我们： 语言的运用对于社会以及人们的人际交往是最重要的。
2.D
文章中讲述第三个规律的自然段中有这样一句话: the primary form of language is speech. 根据这句话，可以很容易地找出正确的答案。
3.D
在文章的最后一段中， 作者告诉我们：Change appears in all segments of a language. 即语言的所有部分都会发生变化。也就是说上：不是A，B，C，选项中所说的语言的变化只发生在书面措辞中，口头措辞中或词语的意思上，而是发生在所有的措辞中。
4.C
在讲第五个规律中，作者告诉我们：语言的地域性差异会被记录下来，当这种差异积累到一定的程度时，方言就诞生了。所以，作者引用了方言的出现来说明语言的地域化。
5.D
在第六个规律的自然段中有这样一句话：The divergences appear most in vocabulary, to a far lesser degree in grammar, least of all in sounds. 从这句话中，我们可以得出这样的结论：社会阶层的差别最大程度地体现在词汇中，而语法和发音等其他因素的程度较低。
Nonverbal Communications
Although most of us believe that we communicate almost exclusively with words, research has shown that nonverbal communication is at least as important. Gestures and tone of voice are important cues in determining others’ responses to us. Individuals who are not aware of information conveyed nonverbally are at a social disadvantage. In fact, children who fail to “read” such messages tend to be unpopular and underachievers. Children who are overeager or speak loudly, for example, may offend other children, or adults. When they fail to adjust their behavior on the basis of others’ responses, they aggravate the situation.
Adults may offend their peers also by their inattention to nonverbal responses. The sense of personal space varies among individuals and cultures. The salesman who puts his arm around the shoulder of a prospective buyer should realize the possible consequences of his gesture. physical contact conveys sense of intimacy that the relationship may or may not warrant. Standing very close to someone during a face-to-face conversation may produce a negative reaction. In fact, you may observe the person back away. practice and traditions are more permissive in some cultures than in ours. In Latin American countries between conversationalists is smaller than it is in the United States. In most situations, however, regardless of power often take or receive more space. picture a chairperson at a board or committee meeting sitting at the head or commanding center of the table. Think of the teacher whose large desk is surrounded by more space than the students’ smaller desks.
Tone of voice also conveys messages and emotions. “Beautiful” may be used to describe bouquet of roses or a black eye, but the tone of voice will not be the same. “Thanks a lot” can be said with genuine gratitude or with sarcasm.
Dog trainers report that dogs respond to tone of voice than to the particular words that are said. Dogs are often praised in a consistent tone of voice that may be slightly high-pitched and somewhat singsong. They will respond to this tone of voice with wagging tails even if the words don’t match.
6. The main point of the article is that____.
A. dogs and humans communicate the same way.
B. gestures and tone of voice convey a great deal of information.
C. our system of communication is changing rapidly.
D. only human beings are capable of verbal communication.
7. Nonverbal communication is important for____.
A. interpersonal relationships
B. dog trainings
C. foreign travel
D. communication between humans and other animals
8. According to the article, communication problems arise when____.
A. people send the wrong signals
B. individual miss nonverbal cues
C. culture clash
D. people use the same signal to mean differently
9. The issue of personal space is related to____.
A. religious values
B. shyness
C. power
D. privacy
10. The author includes the example about dogs to show that_____.
A. dogs are important too
B. nonverbal communication occurs in varied situations
C. tone of voice affects different ranges of hearing
D. dogs are more capable of nonverbal communication than other animals [NextPage] 参考答案：
6.B
道题考察我们对全文中心思想的把握。这篇文章的篇幅较短，所以判断文章的中心思想是比较容易。在文章第一段中，作者提到了手势和语调， 它们在判断别人对我们的回应时起着重要的暗示作用。既然可以起到重要的暗示作用，也就说明手势和语调可以传达大量的信息。
7.A
在文章的第段和第二段中都提到了非口头交流的重要性。不论大人还是小孩，如果忽略了非口语交流方式传达的信息，就会处于不利，甚至还会冒犯他人。所以说，非口头交流对人际关系很重要。
8.B
第一段中有这样一句话：Individuals who are not aware of information conveyed nonverbally are at a social disadvantage. 结合这句话以及后面段落中举出的例子，可以很容易判断出这一结论：如果人们忽略了非口头交流的暗示作用，就会引发交流上的问题和障碍。
9.C
文章的第三段告诉我们：在许多情况下，掌握着权力的人总是拥有更大的空间。这也从一个侧面反映出个人空间与权力是有联系的。
10.B
本文是围绕着非口头交流这一方式展开的，文章主要介绍了这种交流方式的重要作用以及它的一些特点。在文章末尾，作者给出了一个小狗的例子，以此来说明非口头交流(语调)甚至出现在与动物的交流中。可见，作者其实是要以此来说明非口头交流方式出现在不同的情况下。
Translation
11. The $1,5 billion China-US Cable Network, as it is called, provides a digital connection between China and the US, and overcomes the small fiber optic which has been available, and which, among other things, affects the ability to expand internet capacity.
12. This amazing breakthrough in fiber optic technology for China is a joint investment by many carriers.
13. The cable will be used for all communications such as telephone line services including Internet connections and e-mail links.
14. Internet, while no doubt taking a portion of the cable, is not the primary motivation for building the cable. Expansion of all communication services and overall quality is driving all international system.
15. Most of these cables can be patched or linked to other global or Asia-pacific cable system, giving China access through fiber optic technology to most of the world from the international gateways.
解析：
11.这个被称为中美光缆网络的系统造价15亿美元，可以用来进行中美之间的数码联系。并且可以解决小型光纤系统负载量小所带来的许多问题――其中之一是影响因特网的增容能力。
12. 对中国来讲，这次光纤技术上的惊人突破是由许多通信公司联合投资完成的。
13. 这条光缆将被用在各种的通讯联系上，例如通过电话线服务的因特网联系和电子邮件收发等。
14. 因特网毫无疑问要占据光缆的一部分容量，然而它并不是建立光缆的主要动机。所有通讯服务及总体质量的扩展都在对国际系统产生一种压力。
15. 这些光缆大部分可以进行临时性连接或和其他全球性或亚太地区光缆系统接通。这样一来，中国就可以通过光纤技术进入国际通道，与世界绝大多数国家进行联系。
