2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（6）
发布时间：2012/10/30 22:19:04 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
The U.N.-sponsored Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change（IPCC）report released todav ir Brussels has a familiar rin9. As the climate disasters headlined recently--intense hurricanes，drought ir the American West，Arctic thawing--be#e #monplace in a greenhouse world，plants，animals，and peopIe will suffer.That has been the presumption，but the latest report from the IPCC projecting greenhouse lmpacts calculates mounting costs that will fan the heaviest on the world's poor.
February's IPCC report on the physical science of climate firmly links most of the recent warming of the worjd to human activity.Scientists authoring the second report had a tOugher challenge：figuring ouI the llkely consequences. To do that，they considered 29，000 datasets from 75 studies. Of those daca series,89％showed changes--receding glaciers or earlier bloomin9，for example—consistent with a response to warmlng.Because those responses usually occurred where the warming has been greatest， the scientists concluded that it's“verY unlikelythe changes were due to natural variability of climate or the system involved.”For the first time，we concluded anthropogenic warming has had an influence on manY physical and biological systems，“says Cynthia Rosenzweig of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City，a coordinating lead author on the reDort.
The IPCC scientists also projected the effects of future warming.Assuming that nothin9，s done to slow greenhouse emissions，the February report predicted a temperature increase of roughly 3℃toward the end of the century，drying at lower latitudes， more precipitation at higher iatitudes， and rising sea levels.”This report finds that such a warming will bleach most coral reefs by mid—centur），drying will be91n decreaslng crop yields at lower latitudes within a few decades，and sea level rise and tropical cvclone Intensl±1catlon will increase the likelihood of millions of people being flooded out each year on rjver mega. deltas such as that of the Ganges—Brahmaputra in southern Asia.Bottom line?“You don't want tO be poor and living on a river delta or the Florida coast，”says c11mate scientist Stephen Schneider of Stanford University，a coordinating lead auth。r. The Door especially subsistence farmers--tend tO be more vulnerable to climate change，notes the reort.And they are least able to adaPt，say by building levees against storms or dams for irrigation.Schneider's ther advice：“Trry not to go over 2℃ or 3℃ because that triggers the really nasty stuff.With that much warmlng，the bad effeCts of this century only get worse，and the rare benefits，such as higher crop vields in wetter areas，fade.[422words]
1.The IPCC report______.
A.sounds familiar to US
B.has be#e #monplace
C.warns US of climate disasters
D.has been presumed long before
2.The IPCC report focuses on______.
A.the likelihood that plants，animals，and people will suffer
B.he heaviest COSTS of greenhouse impacts on the poor people
C.the devastating climate disasters resulting from global warmjng
D.intense hurricanes, drought in the American West, and Arctic thawing
3. Many data series show that climate changes, such as Arctic thawing, ______.
A.are a response to anthropogenic warming
B.result from the natural variability of climate
C.influence many physical and biological systems
D.bring about the heaviest costs on the world's poor
4. The harm of future global warming to us may include______.
A.receding glaciers and early blooming
B.more precipitation at higher latitudes
C.drying at lower latitudes and rising sea levels
D.numerous people in coastal areas being flooded out
5. The authors of the IPCC report believe that______.
A.the bottom line is not to live on a river delta
B.being richer is less vulnerable to climate change
C.something worse is to #e from global warming
D.the temperature increase should be less than 2℃ or 3℃ [NextPage] 难句透析
①EAs the climate disasters（headlined recently）jntense hurricanes，drought in the American West，Arctic tha wing--be#e #monplace in a greenhouse world]，plants，animals，and people will suher.
【结构】方括号所标示的“As the climate disasters…be#e #monplace…world”是原因状语从句。圆括号所标示的过去分词短语“headlined recently”是“disasters”的后置定语。破折号之间的部分是对“climate disasters”的补充说明。本句的主句是“plants，animals，and people will suffer”。 examda
【释义】最近以大字标题报道的强烈飓风、美洲西部干旱、极地冰层融化等气候灾难，在这个温室效应主宰的地球上，已然司空见惯。动植物和人类将要遭受其摧残。
②“That has been the presumption，but”the latest report from the IPCC Fprojecting greenhouse impacts]calculates mounting costs[that will fall the heaviest on the world'Spoor].
【结构】本句是由逗号和“but”连接的两个分句组成的并列句。方括号所标示的现在分词短语“projecting green— house impacts”是“report”的后置定语。方括号所标示的“that will fall…poor”是“mounting costs”的后置定语从句。
【释义】这是人们一贯的想法，但是，政府间气候变化专门委员会预测温室效应影响的最新报告认为，世界上的贫穷人口将要为此承受最沉重的代价。
③Of those data series，89％showed changes receding glaciers or earlier bloomin9，for example--l-consistent with a response to warming].
【结构】破折号之间的部分是对“changes”的补充说明。方括号所标示的形容词短语“consistent with…warming是”changes“的后置定语。
【释义】其中89％的资料表明，像冰川消融或开花期提前这样的变化与气候变暖的影响相一致。
④[Because those responses usually occurred（where the warming has been greatest）]，the scientists concluded Ethat it'S”very unlikely“（the changes were due to natural variability”of climate or“of the system<involved））].examda
【结构】方括号所标示的”Because those responses…greatest“是原因状语从句；圆括号所标示的”where the war— ming has been greatest“是其中的状语从句。方括号所标示的”that it'S'very unlikely‘…involved“是”concluded“的宾语从句；”it“是形式主语，圆括号所标示的”the changes were…involved“是其中的主语从句。尖括号所标示的过去分词”involved“是”system“的后置定语。
【释义】因为这些现象通常发生在气候变暖最剧烈的地方，科学家得出结论认为，这些变化不太可能是由于气候或所涉及的体系的自然变化而引起的。
⑤[Assuming（that nothin9'S done to slow greenhouse emissions）]，the February report predicted”a temperature increase of roughly 3。C toward the end of the century。“drying at lower latitudes。”more precipitation at higher lati— tudes，and“rising sea levels.
【结构】方括号所标示的现在分词短语”Assumin9…greenhouse emissions“用做状语；圆括号所标示的”that nothin9'S done…emissions“是”Assumin9“的宾语从句。用两个逗号和一个”and“连接的三个并列的名词短语是”predicted“的宾语。
【释义】二月份的报告预言，假如不采取任何措施去减少二氧化碳的排放量，那么，到本世纪末，气温将大约升高3。C，低纬度地区更加干旱，高纬度地区降水量增多，海平面升高。
⑥This report finds[-that”such a warming will bleach most coral reefs by mid-century，“drying will begin deerea— sing crop yields at lower latitudes within a few decades.and 3'sea level rise and tropical cyclone intensification will increase the likelihood of（millions of people being flooded out each year on river mega—deltas such as that of the Ganges—Brahmaputra in southern Asia）].
【结构】方括号所标示的”that such a warming…southern Asia“是”finds“的宾语从句；这个从句是由两个逗号和一个”and“连接的三个分句组成的并列句；圆括号所标示的带逻辑主语”millions of people“的动名词短语”being flooded out…Asia“用做介词”of“的宾语。
【释义】该报告认为，气候这么快速变暖到本世纪中期将使大多数珊瑚礁去色；干旱将使低纬度地区的粮食产量在几十年内开始减少；海平面升高以及热带飓风增强将增加河口大三角洲区域洪水泛滥的可能性，比如像南亚的恒河雅鲁藏布江河口区域，可能使居住在那里的数以百万计的人口遭遇洪水袭击。 [NextPage] 全文翻译
联合国发起的政府间气候变化专门委员会今天在布鲁塞尔发布的报告听起来并不陌生。最近以大字标题报道的强烈飓风、美洲西部于旱、极地冰层融化等气候灾难，在这个温室效应主宰的地球上，已然司空见惯。动植物和人类将要遭受其摧残。这是人们一贯的想法，但是，政府间气候变化专门委员会预测温室效应影响的最新报告认为，世界上的贫穷人口将要为此承受最沉重的代价。
政府间气候变化专门委员会在二月份的有关气候自然科学的报告中认为，最近的全球变暖主要与人类的活动密切相关。拟定第二份报告的科学家们面临更为严峻的挑战：要推算出可能造成的后果。为此，他们考量了75项研究项目中的2万9千套数据。其中89％的资料表明，像冰川消融或开花期提前这样的变化与气候变暖的影响相一致。因为这些现象通常发生在气候变暖最剧烈的地方，科学家得出结论认为，这些变化不太可能是由于气候或所涉及的体系的自然变化而引起的。位于纽约市的美国国家宇航局戈达德太空研究所的辛西娅·罗森威格是报告的重要综合拟订人，她说：“人为的气候变暖对许多自然系统和生物系统产生影响，这是我们首次得出的结论。”政府间气候变化专门委员会科学家还指出未来气候变暖的影响。二月份的报告预言，假如不采取任何措施去减少二氧化碳的排放量，那么，到本世纪末，气温将大约升高3℃，低纬度地区更加干旱，高纬度地区降水量增多，海平面升高。该报告认为，气候这么快速变暖到本世纪中期将使大多数珊瑚礁去色；干旱将使低纬度地区的粮食产量在几十年内开始减少；海平面升高以及热带飓风增强将增加河口大三角洲区域洪水泛滥的可能性，比如像南亚的恒河雅鲁藏布江河口区域。可能使居住在那里的数以百万计的人口遭遇洪水袭击。
底线在哪？报告的重要综合拟订人，美国斯坦福大学的气象学家斯蒂芬·施奈德教授说：“你不想成为穷人，生活在河流的三角洲或佛罗里达海岸吧。”报告指出，穷人，特别是自给农民，更容易受气候变化的影响。他们也几乎不知如何应对，比如筑堤抵御暴风雨或修坝来灌溉。施奈德教授还建议，“温度上升不能超过2℃或3℃，因为超过那个底线就太糟糕了。”如果气温升到那么高的话，本世纪遭受的气候变暖的不良影响将变得更严重，潮湿地区的庄稼高产这样的好处也会消失。
超纲词汇
thaw vi.／vt.天气变暖足以解冻、融雪
mount vi.上升，增加
dataset n.数据集
recede vi.后退
glacier n.冰河，冰川
blooming adj.／adv.旺盛的（地），盛开的（地）
anthropogenic adj.人类起源的
hleach v.漂白，变白
coral reef n.珊瑚礁
tropical adj.热带的，热情的
cyclone n.旋风，飓风，暴风，龙卷风
delta n.三角州
subsistence n.生存，生存手段
levee n.堤，堤岸
参考答案：1.A 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C
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