2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（11）
发布时间：2012/10/30 22:28:17 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
Spend too long watching old movies this holiday season, and your nightlife might seem a lot less colourful. ~ When we are surrounded by black and white imagery, we think our dreams are monochrome, says a US philosopher.
In surveys from the 1950s--the golden age of black and white--most said that their dreams were never or rarely in colour, found Eric Schwitzgebel of the University of California, Riverside. Before and since, most have reported colourful dreams.
The finding shows how little we know our own senses, says Schwitzgebel. This is one piece of a general picture--our knowledge of our stream of experience is very poor.
American dreaming in the Eisenhower era was no different to that in any other period, Schwitzgebel thinks. People were just more likely to believe that they dreamed in black and white, because that reflected the artificial dreams around them. Before the twentieth century, dreams were often #pared to paintings or tapestries.
We know little about what a dreaming brain is up to, #ments neuroscientist Daniel Glaser. Brain scans of sleepers might show whether the brain regions that process colour vision are active during vivid dreams, he says.
Another possibility is that dream colours are indeterminate, in the same way that a novelist can describe something without naming its colour. They would only be#e coloured, or not, in our waking reconstruction of them.
When people say that they dream in black and white, they probably mean that they haven't noticed any colours, says psychologist Mark Blagrove of the University of Wales, UK.
Black and white dreaming is a concept borrowed from technology, he agrees. The idea that things in dreams are in shades of grey has no meaning.
Our waking perceptions of colour are just as fluid. Only the central patch of the retina can see in colour, yet we perceive the whole world as coloured. Our eyes jump around, and the brain fills in the gaps with memory or guesswork. Our feeling that we see in colour could be akin to our perception of dreaming in colour, Glaser says.
The media probably influence our dreaming lives as much now as they did in the 1950s. Few people mention touch in dreams, Schwitzgebel points out--that' s why people pinch themselves to see if they' reawake.
But as entertainment be#es more immersive--with virtual reality providing tactile, as well as visual, stimulation--our dreams may #e to seem more touchy-feely. We might start thinking ourdreams are really great, he says. [426 words]
1. Schwitzgebel believes that ______.
A. our knowledge is very poor
B. dreams in 1950s were never in colour
C. we have little knowledge about our own senses
D. most people tend to dream in black and white
2. In the future, ______.
A. none will dream in black and white
B. we might not be able to see whether we are dreaming by pinching ourselves
C. the media will influence our dreaming much less than they do now
D. dream colours will be#e determinate
3. According to neuroscientist Daniel Glaser, ______ .
A. people never dream in black and white
B. it is meaningless to say dreaming in black and white
C. much work has to be done before we know why a brain dreams
D. we are incapable of perceiving the world around us in colour
4. It can be inferred from this passage that our dreams ______.
A. are somewhat influenced by what we watch during waking hours
B. black and white dreaming results from watching old movies
C. people who dream in black and white are all colour-blind
D. what we dream are certainly what we have seen
5. The best title for this passage should be ______
A. Artificial Dreams
B. Our Future Dreams
C. American Dreaming in the Eisenhower Era
D. Black and White Imagery Makes Dreams Monochrome [NextPage] 难句透析
①“Spend too long watchin old movies this holiday season,and your nightlife might seem a lot less colourful.【结构】本句是由”and“连接的两个分句组成的并列句。第一个分句是省略了主语的祈使句。情态动词”might“表虚拟。
【释义】趁这次休假时机看老片子，看的时间过长的话，你的梦境可能就没什么色彩了。
②[In surveys from the 1950s--the golden age of black and white--most said（that their dreams were never Or rare— ly in colour）]，found Eric Sehwitzgebel of the University of California，Riverside.
【结构】本句是倒装句，主语是”Eric Schwitzgebel of the University of California，Riverside“，谓语动词是”found“，方括号所标示的部分是”found“的宾语从句。这个宾语从句的主语是”most“，谓语动词是”said“。
【释义】加州大学里弗塞德分校的埃瑞克·史威茨布尔发现，20世纪50年代是黑白电影的黄金时代，在当时所做的调查中，大多数人说，他们做的梦从来没有或极少带颜色。
③[Brain scans of sleepers might show（whether the brain regions（that process colour vision}are active during vivid dreams）]，he says.
【结构】方括号所标示的部分是”says“的宾语从句。这个宾语从句的主语是”Brain scans of sleepers“，谓语动词是”might show“，圆括号所标示的部分是”might show“的宾语从句。尖括号所标示的部分是”the brain regions“的定语从句。这个定语从句的主语是”that“，代”the brain regions“，谓语动词是”process“。
【释义】他说，对睡眠者进行脑部扫描可能会显示出脑内处理色彩视觉信号的区域在活跃做梦的时候是否在起作用。
④Another possibility is[that dream colours are indeterminate，in the same way（that a novelist can describe some— thing without naming its colour）].
【结构】方括号所标示的部分是”that“引导的表语从句。圆括号所标示的部分是”way“的同位语从句。
【释义】还有一种可能，那就是梦境的颜色模糊，正如，一个小说家不说出一个东西的颜色也可对其进行描绘一样。
⑤But as entertainment be#es more immersive with virtual reality providing tactile，as well as visual，stimula tion]——our dreams may #e tO seem more touchy—feely.
【结构】方括号所标示的部分是”as“引导的状语从句。破折号之间的介词短语结构”with…stimulation“起补充说明作用。
【释义】但是。由于娱乐变得使人更加投入，娱乐的真实感不仅给人带来视觉刺激，而且带来触觉刺激，我们的梦境很可能会变得更有触觉感了。 [NextPage] 全文翻译
趁这次休假时机看老片子，看的时间过长的话，你的梦境可能就没什么色彩了。如果我们周围所见都是黑白映像时，我们就会觉得梦境色彩太单调了，美国一位哲学家如是说。
加州大学里弗赛德分校的埃瑞克·史威茨布尔发现，20世纪50年代是黑白电影的黄金时代，在当时所做的调查中，大多数人说，他们做的梦从来没有或极少带颜色。而那个时期以前或之后的调查记录显示，大多数人都有色彩缤纷的梦境。 史威茨布尔说，这个发现表明我们对自己的感官系统了解得很少。“这只不过是冰山一角——我们对自身的经验流的了解严重缺乏。”
史威茨布尔认为，艾森豪威尔时代美国人的梦境跟其他任何一个时期的梦境并无两样。人们只是倾向于认为自己做的梦都是黑白的，因为这反映了他们周围假的梦境。20世纪以前，梦通常被比作油画或编织画。
神经系统科学家丹尼尔·格拉泽评论说，我们对主管梦境的大脑的运作了解不多。他说，对睡眠者进行脑部扫描可能会显示出脑内处理色彩视觉信号的区域在活跃做梦的时候是否在起作用。
还有一种可能，那就是梦境的颜色模糊，正如，一个小说家不说出一个东西的颜色也可对其进行描绘一样。他们只有在我们苏醒之后对其进行重构才会呈现或者不呈现颜色。
英国威尔士大学心理学家马克·布拉格罗夫认为，当人们自称做了黑白色的梦时，可能表示他们没注意到任何颜色。
对于“黑白颜色的梦是从技术上借来的概念”这种说法，他表示同意，“梦境中的事物出现在灰色阴影中的想法毫无意义。”
我们醒着时对颜色的感觉是不固定的。只有视网膜的中间地带能看到色彩，但我们看到的整个世界都是彩色的。当我们的眼睛到处跳转的时候，大脑就会在缝隙中填充记忆或推测。格拉泽表示，“我们能看见色彩的感觉就跟我们在梦中能感知色彩相类似。”
如今，媒体或许对我们梦境生活的影响如50年代一样。很少有人提到梦境中的触觉，史威茨布尔指出，这就是为什么人们要通过拧自己来检查自己是否醒着的原因。
但是，由于娱乐变得使人更加投入，娱乐的真实感不仅给人带来视觉刺激，而且带来触觉刺激，我们的梦境很可能会变得更有触觉感了。他表示，“我们可能开始觉得自己的梦境真的是太棒了。”
超纲词汇
monochrome n.单色
tactile adj.／n.触觉的，有触觉的，能触知的
tapestries n.／vt.织锦，挂毯
neuroscientist n.神经学家
参考答案：1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D
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