2015年考研英语阅读理解考前专项训练（53）
发布时间：2012/10/31 13:25:47 来源：城市网学院 编辑：admin
U.S.#panies continued to hire in June，but at a slower pace than in the first few months of the year，while wage growth was the fastest in five years，the Labor Department said Friday.Nonfam payrolls grew l21。000 last month after climbin9 92，000 in May and ll2，000 in April，the Labor Department said Friday.Previous estimates showed a 75，000-job increase in May and a l26，000 9ain in April.The unemployment rate was unchanged last month at 4.6％，which is the lowest level since mid 2001.
Despite the moderation in job growth，there were some signs of inflationary pressure.Average hourly earnings rose$0.08，or 0.5％，to$1 6.70.Compared with a year earlier，June hourly earnings were up 3.9％，the fastest annual growth pace since June 2001.Average weekly earnings increased tc$566.13.
The payrolls data were below Wall Street expectations.The median estimate of 2 3 economists polled by Dow Jones Newswires and CNBC had projected a 200，000 payroll jobs increase and a 4.6％ unemployment rate.⑦However，wage growth topped expectations，as economists had expected j ust a 0.3％monthly gain in average hourly earnings.The average workweek increased by six minutes t0 33.9 hours in June.③
Economists had ratcheted up payroll growth forecasts earlier in the week after a private-sector report from ADP Employer Services and Macroeconomic Advisers pointed to a 368，000 increase of private—sector jobs in June.
The Labor Department report provides further evidence that the U.S.economy slowed markedly from the first quarter's pace.And it could ease pressure on official interest rates，especially if the recent spate of high core inflation numbers begin to subside.
The Fed has raised rates l7 straight times since 2004，pushing the Fed funds rate t0 5.25％。But in a statement ac#panying its latest decision last week，officials softened their stance somewhat on future policy，sayin9“the extent and timing of any additional firming that may be needed will depend on the evolution of the outlook for both inflation and economic growth。as implied by in#ing information.”
In June，weakness in construction and retailing--two sectors that shed jobs--tempered overall employment gains.⑤Financial #panies，education and health services，government and even manufacturers were among those boosting jobs.The Labor Department said hiring in goods-producing industries rose by l5，000.Within this category，manufacturing firms added l5，000 jobs.Construction
shed 4，000 jobs.Service-sector employment grew by l06，000.Retail payrolls fell by 6，600，while business and professional services #panies'payrolls increased by 25，000. Education and health services added 26，000 jobs. 1.According to the Labor Department，in June U.S.#panies______.
A.offered more jobs for the unemployed
B.hired less workers than previous months
C.used to increase wage of their employees
D.hired at obviously slower pace than ever before
2.According to the text，in June______
A.the number of employed was more than estimated
B.nonfarm #panies grew much faster than in May
C.the unemployment rate was lower than that in May
D.there appeared the largest job increase beyond expectation
3.The Labor Department asserts that the U.S.economy in June______
A.was markedly on the rise
B.developed at a slower pace
C.declined faster than previous months
D.was more prosperous than ever before
4.It is implied in the text that in June______
A.there was still inflation pressure
B.inflation pressure was to subside
C.the Fed succeeded in easing the inflation pressure
D.more effective measures were needed to reduce inflation
5.Which of the following reduced rather than increased overall employment gains?
A.Business and professional services.
B.Education and health services.
C.Goods—producing industries.
D.Construction and retailin9. [NextPage] 难句透析
①U.S.#panies continued tO hire in June，but at a slower pace than in the first few months of the year,while “wage growth was the fastest in five years.the Labor Department said Friday.
【结构】本句是由逗号和”while“连接的两个分句组成的并列句。第一个分句逗号后面相当于”but tO hire at a slower pace…“，省略了”to hire“。
【释义】美国劳工部星期五说，美国公司6月份继续提供工作岗位，不过速度比今年前5个月有所减缓，而工资增长是5年来最快的。
②The median estimate of 23 economists[polled by Dow Jones Newswires and CNBC3 had projected fl 200，000 payroll jobs increase and a 4.6％unemployment rate.
【结构】方括号所标示的过去分词短语”polled…CNBC“是”The median estimate of 23 economists“的后置定语。
【释义】据道琼斯通讯社及美国全国广播公司的有线财经频道曾采访的23位经济学家的保守估计，将新增20万个工作岗位，失业率为4.6％。
③Economists had ratcheted up payroll growth forecasts earlier in the week[after a private-sector report（from ADP Employer Services and Macroeconomic Advisers）pointed to a 368000 increase of private-sector jobs in June'].
【结构】方括号所标示的”after a private-sector report…in June“是状语从句。圆括号所标示的介词短语”from ADP…Advisers“是”report“的后置定语。
【释义】 自动数据处理雇主服务处和宏观经济顾问处的一份关于私营部门的报告公布，6月份，私营部门新增了368000个工作岗位。此后，于本周初，经济学家略微调高了他们对于新增工作机会的预期，
④But in a statement[ac#panying its latest decision last week]，officials softened their stance somewhat on fu— ture policy，sayin9”the extent and timing of any additional firming[that may be needed]…will depend on the e— volution of the outlook for both inflation and economic growth，as implied by in#ing information.
【结构】方括号所标示的现在分词短语“ac#panyin9…last week”是“statement”的后置定语。方括号所标示的“that may be needed”是“the extent and timin9”的后置定语从句。
【释义】但是，上周美联储在公布最新决定的同时发表了一份声明。官员们对未来决策的姿态略微有所软化。他们说，“可能还需要采取进一步的稳定措施，其程度和时机取决于通货膨胀和经济增长前景的演变，而这要依今后所获得的信息来判断。”
⑤In June，weakness in construction and retailing--two sectors[that shed jobs]--tempered overall employment gains.
【结构】破折号之间的部分是对“construction and retailin9”的补充说明。方括号所标示的“that shed jobs”是“two sectors”的后置定语从句。
【释义】6月份，由于建筑业和零售业的低述，工作岗位不断削减，总体就业数量已经减少。
全文翻译
美国劳工部星期五说，美国公司6月份继续提供工作岗位，不过速度比今年前5个月有所减缓，而工资增长是5年来最快的。继5月份和4月份分别增长了92000及112000个工作岗位之后，上个月菲农业工作岗位增长了121000。先前估计显示，5月份将增加75000个工作岗位，4月份增加l26000个。上个月的失业率为4.6％，保持不变，是自2001年中以来最低水平。
尽管工作岗位增加速度不快，但还是出现了一些通货膨胀压力的迹象。平均时薪上涨了0.08美元或者是0.5％，达到l6.7美元。跟l年前相比，6月的时薪上涨了3.9％，是自2001年6月以来最快的年增长率。平均周薪增加到了566.13美元。
工作岗位的增加要低于华尔街的预期。据道琼斯通讯社及美国全国广播公司的有线财经频道曾采访的23位经济学家的保守估计，将新增20万个工作岗位，失业率为4.6％。⑦然而，工资的上涨接近预期，因为经济学家预计时薪上涨率仅会达到平均每月0.3％。平均每周工作时间增加6分钟，6月份增加到33.9小时。
自动数据处理雇主服务处和宏观经济顾问处的一份关于私营部门的报告公布，6月份，私营部门新增了368000个工作岗位。此后，于本周初，经济学家略微调高了他们对于新增工作机会的预期。
劳工部的报告进一步显示，美国的经济已经从第一季度的速度上大幅下降。报告的出台可以减轻政府来自利润率的压力，尤其是在最近高居不下的主要膨胀率开始下降的时候。
自2004年以来，美联储已经17次提高利率，将联邦储备资金利率提高到5.25％。但是，上周美联储在公布最新决定的同时发表了一份声明。官员们对未来决策的姿态略微有所软化。他们说，“可能还需要采取进一步的稳定措施，其程度和时机取决于通货膨胀和经济增长前景的演变，而这要依今后所获得的信息来判断。”
6月份，由于建筑业和零售业的低速，工作岗位不断削减，总体就业数量已经减少。而金融企业，教育行业以及医疗卫生服务，政府部门甚至制造业都在不断创造就业机会。劳工部表示，货物生产商提供的就业岗位增加了15000个。在这个范畴内，制造业增加了15000个工作岗位。而建筑业减少的岗位为4000个。服务业就业岗位增加了l06000个。零售业减少了6600个，而商业及专业性劳务公司新提供了25000个就业岗位。教育及医疗服务增加了26000个岗位。
超纲词汇
Spate n.同时涌来的）大批，大量
Shed vt.摆脱
tempe vt.／vi.冲淡，缓和，调剂
poll vt.／vi.对…进行民意测验，（民意测验中的）调查
Macroeconomic n.宏观经济
moderation n.缓和，减轻
firming n.坚硬化，坚固化
ratchet up略微调高
subside v.平息，减退，衰减
payroll n.职工工资册（名单）
category n.种类，别。[逻]范畴
stance n.姿态
参考答案：1.A 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D
