三、动名词

　　1.必须接动名词做宾语的动词

　　牢记下列要求接动名词做宾语的动词：

　　acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, advise, avoid, admit, confess, consider, defend, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep mind, miss, mention, pardon, practice, postpone, permit, report, resent, resume, recall，recollect，risk, resist, suggest, tolerate。如：

　　Although a teenager, Fred could resist being told what to do and what not to do.

　　I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.

　　2.动名词做介词短语

　　考生尤其要识别下列短语中的to是介词，不是不定式符号：

　　object to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be accustomed to, be committed to, be exposed to, be subjected to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be reconciled to, be contrary to, be (get) used to, come close to, get down to, give oneself up to, prefer…to, see to, set to, take to, in addition to, with regard to, with a view to, on the way to。如：

　　There was no sign that Mr. Jospin , who keeps a firm control on the party despite having resigned from leadership of it, would intervene personally.

　　Our modern civilization must not be thought of as having been created in a short period of time.

　　Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.

　　As the children become financially independent of the family, the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to saving for the retirement years.

　　Everyone with half an eye on the unemployment figures knew that the assertion about economic recovery being just around the corner was untrue.

(1)in order to(do), so as to(do)结构引导目的状语，so as to不能置于句首。如：

　　To succeed in a scientific research project, one needs to be persistent .

　　I advise them to withdraw so as not to get involved.

　　(2)so…as to, such…as to, enough…to, too…to结构做程度状语。如：

　　The solution works only for couples who are self-employed, don’t have small children and get along well enough to spend most of their time together.

　　The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly to be noticed.

　　(3)不定式做结果状语只能出现在句子的末尾，表示不愉快的结果，有时用only加强语气。

　　常见的不定式动词有find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce等。如：

　　Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, only to find it locked.

　　(4)not/never too… to, too… not to, but/only too…to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义。如：

　　I am only too pleased to hear from you further. 能再听到你的消息，我太高兴了。